Nicole Jumper Essay -- Weight Loss Diet Nutrition Papers

Nicole Jumper The craving to change one’s self-perception is predominant in today’s society; and by and large what individuals need to change is their weight. Organizations who market diet projects and marvel diet drugs are a lot of mindful of this shared trait among buyers and exploit the vulnerable idea of the individuals who need to lose the weight and lose it quick. Among the huge number of pills, projects and guarantees that are offered as fixes to the misery of being fat, one new idea has risen that extends the limits of rationale: the catabolic eating routine. WHAT IS THE CATABOLIC DIET? The catabolic eating routine depends on the idea that an individual can eat â€Å"catabolic† nourishments that really have a negative calorie impact. These are nourishments that as far as anyone knows take an individual a bigger number of calories to process them than the food itself really contains. Basically, they are nourishments that consume fat as opposed to making it. (http://www.rarebooks.net/beck/cataboli.htm) Data FOUND ON THE NET The designers of the catabolic eating routine have utilized the Internet as their essential advertising instrument; along these lines, there are numerous locales about the eating routine. Some are explicit promotions and others act like being educational and authentic. The main concern: all the destinations found on the catabolic eating routine are hoping to make a benefit and need the program to become tied up with a program. One site, http://www.blackbeard.com/newlook/, claims that the catabolic eating routine is viable to such an extent that, â€Å"[It] works multiple times quicker than starvation.† Yet, subsequent to offering this expression the site additionally says that the â€Å"Catabolic Diet is a medicinally made eating routine. . .† Needless to state there is no clinical doctor’s underwriting discovered a... ... REFERENCES Astrup, Arne. â€Å"Dietary Approaches to Reducing Body Weight.† Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. Ed. Jeff P. Holly. New York: AMA 1999. 109-120. Berstein RS; Thornton JC; Yang MU; Wang J; Redmond AM; Pierson RN Jr; Pi-Sunyer FX; Van Itallie TB. (1983a). Expectation of the Resting Metabolic Rate in corpulent patients. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1983 Apr, 37(4): 595-602. Brannon, Linda and Jess Feist. Wellbeing Psychology: An Introduction to Behavior and Health. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2000. Westerterp-Plantega MS; Rolland V; Wilson SA; Westerterp KR. (1999a). Satiety identified with 24 h diet-prompted thermogenesis during high protein/starch versus high fat weight control plans estimated in a breath chamber. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999 June; 53(6): 495-503.

Anxiety Disorders and Bipolar Disorder free essay sample

This paper investigates and analyzes uneasiness issue and bipolar issue, including medicines accessible and suggestions for improving the consciousness of these disarranges. Tension issue and bipolar issue are two of the most obliterating mental diseases. Giving a compact and itemized outline of the different sorts of nervousness issue and the various phases of bipolar issue, just as a conversation of treatment choices, the creator contends that while enhancements have been made to the treatment and comprehension of these diseases, further upgrades are important, including the mix of medication treatment and psychotherapy. In spite of the expanding mindfulness, instruction, information, treatment, and comprehension of mental issue, there is still no obvious, convenient solution, and uniform strategy accessible to analyze or potentially take out (or possibly lessen) dysfunctional behaviors and mental issue. Uneasiness issue and bipolar issue are two of the most widely recognized psychological instabilities that keep a person from working typically. While most people may ostensibly like to stay uninformed of the presence of uneasiness issue as well as bipolar issue, the truth of the matter is that in excess of 23 million people experience the ill effects of tension issue (Harvard, 1) while in excess of 3 million people experience the ill effects of bipolar issue (Hollandsworth). We will compose a custom article test on Tension Disorders and Bipolar Disorder or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page

Why You Should Participate in Intramurals

Why You Should Participate in Intramurals Sweat it Out: Why You Should Get Involved with Intramurals Sweat it Out: Why You Should Get Involved with Intramurals Remember the good old days when gym class was an excuse to play games in the middle of the day? As an adult, you don’t get the luxury of participating in an organized gym class while receiving credit for it. Instead, you need to coordinate your fitness with your lectures, deadlines, work schedule, and social life. It can be tough to stay active while you’re a student, but it’s important that you make time for it, so what better way than to participate in intramurals? Here are 4 reasons why you should get involved. 1. Intramurals are Scheduled Carving out time to go to the gym is difficult enough as it is, but what if the gym was only open for 1 hour each day? It would probably be easier to go since you could arrange your schedule beforehand. When fitness is made too flexible, it can be easy to put it off, but having a weekly commitment to your intramural team will help you to actually make sure you attend on a regular basis. 2. Body and Mind By now, you know that an active lifestyle can do amazing things for the human body. A regular exercise routine can regulate your weight, lower cholesterol, and detoxify your body through sweating. Not only can physical activity benefit your body, but it can do wonderful things for your mind as well. Whether you’re looking for some stress relief or simply want to release some endorphins, intramurals will help to achieve this. 3. You Have Options If you’re not great at volleyball, there’s a good chance you’re not going to want to play on that specific intramural team. The good news is that schools offer a lot of intramurals to participate in such as soccer, dodgeball, baseball, basketball, hockey, and many more. More importantly, many schools offer intramurals at different levels too! So, whether you’re looking for a more competitive experience or you simply want to enjoy being around people in an active setting, there is an activity and skill level for you. 4. New Friendships Making friends as a student should be easy since you’re surrounded by people with common interests, but unfortunately it can be rather difficult to forge meaningful bonds with people when you’re so busy juggling everything. Fortunately, intramurals provide a time dedicated to fitness and fun with people whom are also looking for a break in their day as well. This is a carefree opportunity to just enjoy being around people while furthering your skills and bettering your health. Taking the time to participate in activities you enjoy can be difficult, but it’s extremely important. Not only can intramurals benefit your overall well-being physically, but you’ll find yourself gaining stronger friendships, a healthier outlook on life, and not have to worry about forcing yourself to make time for the gym since the time will already be scheduled for you. Worried that you won’t be able to complete an assignment unless you skip your intramural? Check out our services and see what we can do to help. References: 7 great reasons why exercise matters. (2016, October 13). Retrieved August 30, 2017, from art-20048389 Exercise and Depression. (2017). Retrieved August 30, 2017, from exercise-depression#1 Why You Should Participate in Intramurals Sweat it Out: Why You Should Get Involved with Intramurals Sweat it Out: Why You Should Get Involved with Intramurals Remember the good old days when gym class was an excuse to play games in the middle of the day? As an adult, you don’t get the luxury of participating in an organized gym class while receiving credit for it. Instead, you need to coordinate your fitness with your lectures, deadlines, work schedule, and social life. It can be tough to stay active while you’re a student, but it’s important that you make time for it, so what better way than to participate in intramurals? Here are 4 reasons why you should get involved. 1. Intramurals are Scheduled Carving out time to go to the gym is difficult enough as it is, but what if the gym was only open for 1 hour each day? It would probably be easier to go since you could arrange your schedule beforehand. When fitness is made too flexible, it can be easy to put it off, but having a weekly commitment to your intramural team will help you to actually make sure you attend on a regular basis. 2. Body and Mind By now, you know that an active lifestyle can do amazing things for the human body. A regular exercise routine can regulate your weight, lower cholesterol, and detoxify your body through sweating. Not only can physical activity benefit your body, but it can do wonderful things for your mind as well. Whether you’re looking for some stress relief or simply want to release some endorphins, intramurals will help to achieve this. 3. You Have Options If you’re not great at volleyball, there’s a good chance you’re not going to want to play on that specific intramural team. The good news is that schools offer a lot of intramurals to participate in such as soccer, dodgeball, baseball, basketball, hockey, and many more. More importantly, many schools offer intramurals at different levels too! So, whether you’re looking for a more competitive experience or you simply want to enjoy being around people in an active setting, there is an activity and skill level for you. 4. New Friendships Making friends as a student should be easy since you’re surrounded by people with common interests, but unfortunately it can be rather difficult to forge meaningful bonds with people when you’re so busy juggling everything. Fortunately, intramurals provide a time dedicated to fitness and fun with people whom are also looking for a break in their day as well. This is a carefree opportunity to just enjoy being around people while furthering your skills and bettering your health. Taking the time to participate in activities you enjoy can be difficult, but it’s extremely important. Not only can intramurals benefit your overall well-being physically, but you’ll find yourself gaining stronger friendships, a healthier outlook on life, and not have to worry about forcing yourself to make time for the gym since the time will already be scheduled for you. Worried that you won’t be able to complete an assignment unless you skip your intramural? Check out our services and see what we can do to help. References: 7 great reasons why exercise matters. (2016, October 13). Retrieved August 30, 2017, from art-20048389 Exercise and Depression. (2017). Retrieved August 30, 2017, from exercise-depression#1

The Constitution Of The United States - 1092 Words

It was accepted on November 15, 1777, by Congress and confirmed by the state on March 1, 1781. The Articles of Confederation were a respectful effort by a new country and to create an ideal national government. Although to some states that form of government was not happy because the Articles of Confederation will soon become a disadvantage. The Constitution Of United States was established in 1787. The Constitution of United States was written as a set of rules for this country. Many of the â€Å"rules† have helped the country stay in order. The constitution gave more power to the national government than the Articles of Confederation. Fifty-five representatives met in Philadelphia in 1787 to establish a new government for the better. The†¦show more content†¦Check and Balances makes sure no one has more power than the other so everyone can be treated equal. We live in a democracy which means as United States citizens we get the freedom to express yourself, fair trial by jury, right to vote, freedom to pursue â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness†, and etc. We get freedom living in a democracy regardless of what happens in the future, they can not take our rights away from us. For the first written Constitution of the United States which was the Articles of Confederation the power to make laws known as the legislative branch was made equal. The congress had full power to form a union and to make war. Therefore, the power gives to the Congress allowed it to operate with an minimum control over every other state. One thing that was effective was in the allowance of equal votes in Congress for each state. However, the United States government lacked a system of taxation. Under the Articles of Confederation, the Congress had no power to tax the states instead of the tax they depended on the donations by the states. The states wished for a moderate government involvement and were repulsed by the idea of federal taxation. Another obstacle in a successful government was that the Articles did not grant Congress the power to impose its laws.In place of executive and judicial branches, theShow MoreRelatedThe United States Constitution And The Constitution Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States Constitution, this very detailed group of words was written in 1787, but it did not take effect until after it was ratified in 1789, when it replaced the Articles of Confederation. It remains the basic law of the United States then and till the present day of 2016. The first state to ratify the Constitution was Delaware; the last of the original thirteen to ratify was Rhode Island and since only nine were required, this was two years after it went into effect. When the U.S. ConstitutionRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States Constitution Essay1185 Words   |  5 Pages(framers’ of the U.S. Constitution) position on the Presidency: The framers experienced the abuse of the English monarchs and their colonial governors. As a result, the framers were skeptical of the excessive executive authority. Furthermore, they also feared excessive legislative powers. This was something that the Articles of Confederation had given their own state legislatures. The framers of the constitution deliberately fragmented power between the national government, the states, and among the executiveRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States885 Words   |  4 Pages In 1787, our founding fathers came up with a few principles that would establish what we now know as the United States of America. These principles were put on paper to serve as a guideline for how the United States would be operated and structured. This historical piece paper became known as the Constitution of the United States. In the Constitution, a Preamble is implemented at the beginning that essentially tells what the founding fathers set out to do. â€Å"We The People, in order to form a moreRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States894 Words   |  4 Pagesthe substratum for that country. A Constitution can be defined as a document that is the substratum of the country’s principles. Elements in the Constitution may contain sundry information. Which can include: how many terms a leader may serve, what rights the citizens have, how the judicial system works, etc. The United States in no different from those countries. Every constitution is different, no country has the exact constitution as another. The U.S Constitution is a four-page document detailingRead MoreThe United States Constitution Essay1515 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States constitution was written in 1787 by the founding fathers of this country. Now it might be appropriate to question why a document that is the basis of the government for one of the most culturally and racially diverse countries in the world, was written by a group of heterosexual, cisgender, rich, white men. Some might think that a constitution written well over 200 years ago would be outdated and irrelevant to the American society of today but with some research, it is quite theRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States756 Words   |  4 PagesPromulgation and Legislation in the U.S. Constitution: The federal system of government of the United States is based on its constitution. The Constitution grants all authority to the federal government except the power that is delegated to the states. Each state in the United States has its own constitution, local government, statute, and courts. The Constitution of the United States sets the judiciary of the federal government and defines the extent of the federal court’s power. The federalRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States of America has previously experienced failure every now and then. With trial and error, the country has learned to correct its ways and move toward(s) perfecting itself. Realizing the ineffectiveness of the Articles of Confederation is a prime example of the U.S. learning how to better itself. Subsequent to the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution of the United States was set as our new and improved framework of government. Possessing knowled ge on how America, although strongRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States951 Words   |  4 Pageshappening again. Unlike the artifacts, The Constitution of the United States has not been forgotten, it is actually still very alive today. Unlike most relics, The Constitution still holds a very heroic and patriotic implication, freedom. With freedom comes self-government, freedom of speech, religious tolerance, etc. With all these things comes the great responsibility to adapt and fit to the wants and needs of the decade. Even though the Constitution was made for the interests of the people ofRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1338 Words   |  6 Pages The Constitution is the basis of law in The United States and has been since it was written in 1789. Since then it has been amended 27 times with the first ten amendments collectively known as the Bill of Rights. The US Constitution was preceded by the Articles of Confederation and supported by the Federalist Papers which we will touch more on later. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson all wrote or influenced The Constitution in a very important way. Alexander HamiltonRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1388 Words   |  6 PagesInterpretation of the Constitution is one of the biggest conflicts within the United States–the highly contentious issue of states’ rights resulted from two different interpretations of what powers should belong to the federal government versus what powers belong to the individual states. No issue has ever caused as much turmoil as the issue of states’ rights–but one side must have more v alid arguments. Should the federal government’s power be superior, or should the authority of the individual states be held

Outsourcing for RBS - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2566 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? 1.0 Introduction As industries become increasingly competitive, businesses look towards developing competitive advantages. The transferring of operations to another business, known as outsourcing has become an important aspect of many businesses strategies in achieving this. Advancements in technology have seen the rise of businesses outsourcing on a global scale. While outsourcing offers numerous benefits including cost saving and increased performance, outsourcing also presents considerable challenges and risks (McIvor, R. 2010). 2.0 Royal Bank of Scotland The Royal Bank of Scotland Group (RBS) is a large multinational banking and financial services company. Established in 1727 and headquartered in Edinburgh the RBS group provides services across three divisions including Personal and Business Banking, Commercial and Private Banking and Corporate and Institutional Banking. Operating through a number of subsidiaries including its own name bank Royal Bank of Scotland as well as NatWest, Citizens, Ulster Bank and Coutts. With a customer base of over 30 million the RBS operates in over 50 countries across the United Kingdom, Europe, America and Asia (RBS, 2014a). In terms of the UK the RBS has over 24 million customers with over 1.9 million Ulster Bank customers in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. (Keynote, 2014) In 2009 RBS received government intervention in the form of a bailout as a result of the financial crisis, which led to government ownership of 80% of RBS as of March 31st 2014 (UKFI, 2014). RBS have continued to report a loss for each financial year since the financial crisis with annual reports for RBS year ending 2013 show a turnover of  £26.458bn and an operating loss of  £8.243bn (RBS, 2013). However 2014 3rd quarter results have shown promising progress with profit before tax estimated at  £1.27bn (RBS, 2014b). 3.0 Financial Services External Business Environment 3.1 Financial Crisis The financial crisis of 2007/2008 threatened the collapse of many large financial institutions not only in the UK but across the world. In order to prevent this in the UK the government provided bailouts to a number of financial institutions including RBS and Lloyds. Despite this bailout RBS is still considered one of the dominant five banks within the UK which includes RBS, Lloyds Banking Group, HSBC, Barclays and Santander (Keynote, 2013). However as a result of the financial crisis the financial sector has seen a number of new stricter regulations forced upon it by the government, including the introduction of the Independent banking commission on Banks in 2010 and the Banking Reform Act in 2012. All of which have been set up to ensure tighter regulations on banking practices, increase competition and to rebuild consumer confidence in the financial services sector (Gov.uk, 2013). 3.2 New Technology The availability and adoption of high speed internet connection, n ow estimated at 87% of all UK house households (44.3million adults) has seen a major trend in how the financial service sector delivers its services. In particular the financial sector has increased the online services for personal banking, in order to meet the demand of customers to provide 24/7 banking services (Keynote, 2014). Mintel (2014) highlights the importance of consumer smartphone usage with data revealing that online and smartphone interaction is the most frequent format of interaction with financial services. Mintel (2014) further highlights thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s firms can gain a competitive edge by integrating smartphone applications and offering differential features. RBS has embraced this consumer technological adoption and provides both online and smartphone application banking and has reported a 200% increase in mobile banking in the last three years. (RBS, 2014c) 3.3 Branch Closures The increasing use of technology by consumers has offered the financial se rvice sector more cost effective platform to provide services as online services reduces the level of branch visits and customer interaction. This has however resulted in the closure of branches or reduction in operating hours by many banks (Keynote, 2013). In 2014 alone RBS is planning to close at least 5% of its branches equivalent to around 154 branches (Treanor, 2014). 3.4 Financial Service Sector Outsourcing Trend The outsourcing of information technology is not a new concept and has long been a trend within the financial service sector. According to Gonzalez et al (2012) some of the first information technology outsourcing contracts within this sector date back to the 1980à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. Further to this Gonzalez et al (2012) highlights outsourcing of Information Technology is a continued practice and has in fact increased over the past number of years. However as with other operations within the financial service sector outsourcing practices also have regulations an d guidelines enforced by Financial Conduct Authority (FCA, 2014). 4.0 RBS Outsourcing Operations and Outsourcer 4.1 Infosys Infosys was established in 1981 and is a global leader in consulting, information technology and outsourcing solutions. Headquartered in Bangalore India, Infosys operates through a number of subsidiaries throughout America, Asia, Europe and the Middle East. With over 165,000 employees Infosys provides services to customers in over 50 countries. At the end of Infosys financial year 31 March 2013 it reported a turnover of  £5.264bn and an operating profit of  £1.262bn (Infosys,2014a). RBS selected Infosys to outsource part of their Information Technology operations and has been engaged in IT outsourcing contracts with RBS since 2002, having worked on a number of initiatives including the development of software and testing services (Infynews, 2007). In 2007 Infosys received the RBS Best Technology Supplier Award, RBS Director of IT devel opment Mike Errington stated that Infosys is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“consistently enabling commercial benefits while also working with us to provide an exceptional level of service and quality improvementsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Infosys, 2014b). 4.2 RBS IT Outsourcing Failure A major challenge with outsourcing is the risk that the outsourcer may fail to carry out the required task with the potential to seriously damage the reputation of the business outsourcing. In June 2012 RBS experienced this, a technical glitch that affected over 6.5 million customers across RBSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s own brand bank, NatWest and around 100,000 Ulster Bank customers (Hall, 2012). The glitch affected costumers for several weeks, with Ulster Bank customers receiving the longest delays in service. The computing error meant the customers were unable access their funds which caused costumer uproar (Hall, 2012). The cause of the computer error was widely blamed by RBSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s IT outsourcing practices in India (Furness, 2012). The outcome of the error resulted in RBS paying  £175 million in customer compensation and an investigation by the Financial Conduct Authority resulting in a fine of  £42 million and  £14m fine by the Prudential Regulation Authority for failure to put in place a sufficient IT system that could handle the risk of IT failure (Financial Conduct Authority, 2014). 5.0 HR Opportunities and Challenges relating to Outsourcing 5.1 Labour Market/Advanced Infrastructure According to McIvor (2010) outsourcing to foreign country can offer many opportunities, emerging economies such as India have heavily invested in information technology infrastructure and have significance high levels of education making them an attractive outsourcing market for businesses. Javalgi et al (2013) further highlights that India has a strong emphasis on mathematics, science, and technology resulting in a large number of graduates within these areas. Alongside worl d class universities and an estimated 350 million English speaking population with around 100 million fluent in the language both written and spoken. 5.2 Implementation and Management Businesses outsourcing any operation must insure that the outsourcer has been sufficiently trained. Taplin (2008) stresses that the transfer of skills from the business to the outsourcer is critical to the success of the outsourcing operation. The design and process of training should incorporate attributes from all levels of the organisation from HR and Managers to the users of the system to ensure knowledge is effectively transferred. This point has particular relevance to RBS with some aspects of RBS legacy computer system and coding formats dating back 40 years, it is of particular importance that outsourcer Infosys has a complete understanding of the system (Flinders, 2014). 5.3 Employee Morale The outsourcing of operations within a businesses can have a negative effect upon the remain ing employees within a business. Gonzalez et al. (2012) indicates that employees within an organisation that is outsourcing operations can become uncertain of their employment situation and can develop low morale which can lead to reduced levels of productivity. 5.4 Security Issues The privacy and security of customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial information is a specific issue to financial service sector outsourcing. Unlike the outsourcing of manufacturing RBSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s outsourcing of IT system will mean the transferring and processing of high volumes of personal financial information of millions of customers to Infosys. RBS needs to ensure that the correct measures are put in place to protect this information, as June et al (2010) indicates that the financial service sector in the EU and US accountable to full liability of all operations including those that have been outsourced. 6.0 Strategic HRM and Planning 6.1 Core Business Processes A key strategic adv antage of outsourcing is that it allows businesses to focus on core operations (McIvor, R. 2010). Businesses can use outsourcers to carry out non-core, time consuming and routine activities while businesses can focus on the development of operations that add value and competitive advantage to the business (Tayauova, 2012). Within Information Technology outsourcing in the financial services there are many routine tasks, RBS can insure that routine tasks such transaction processing are carried out by Infosys while RBS can focus on developing new information technology strategies and policies, such as RBSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s announcement that it is investing  £1bn by 2017 in its digital services for personal and small business owners (Dunkley, 2014). 6.2 Opportunity to integrate new technology The use of IT within financial organisations such as RBS may no longer be seen as a simply back office operation instead Gonzalez et al (2012) highlights that IT can be seen as a cruc ial part of the financial service sector enabling efficient operations and also creating competitive advantages and services. Outsourcing not only allows for the processing and maintenance of existing IT operations but also enables the access to develop new technologies and competitive advantages. RBSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s has adopted this principle and has signed a contract worth  £300 million with both Infosys and IBM in order to design a state of the art computer system for a new bank William Glynà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, which RBS are planning to launch in 2015. The new banks computer system will be based around RBS existing IT platform (Quinn, 2013). 6.3 Staffing Requirements/Workload Flexibility The outsourcing of operations which are subject to varying levels of demand and workload can be particularly beneficial to businesses. This is significant within the financial services industry and RBS, as the demand for transaction based services varies on a daily basis. Oversta ffing increases expense and reduces profitability while understaffing can reduce efficiency and may cause problems. By outsourcing part of the operation financial organisations can design contracts with outsourcers to handle the changing work load levels while providing financial organisations with much more predictable operating costs (Basu and Nair, 2012). 7.0 Cultural Considerations 7.1 Communication and misinterpretation barriers Offshore outsourcing can pose potential miscommunication and misinterpretation problems. Raju (2012) highlights that foreign countries such as India have a large English speaking and educated population however cultural and linguistic variations of its spoken form can cause confusion in cross cultural outsourcing teams. In turn this confusion can lead to inefficiency and reduced work productivity. In order to ensure that cross cultural outsourced operations are carried out effectively, outsourcers must ensure that there are sufficient intercult ural training programs in place. 7.2 Religious Practices Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s culture is religiously diverse with the main religions including Hindu, Muslin, Christian and Sikh. This diverse range of religions sees many religious holidays and festivals take place throughout the year in India. When outsourcing to India RBS should aware of these religious practices and any affect that these might incur. (Melik, 2012) highlights one of the largest Muslin religious festivals is Ramadan in which Muslin cannot eat or drink during daylight hours. During this period of Ramadan it has been reported that working performance and productivity declines due to shorter working hours and changes in behaviour. 7.3 Time Zone When outsourcing to a foreign a county RBS should be aware of the potential difficulties of working across different time zones. India for example where outsourcer Infosys is based is 5 hours and 30 minutes headed of the UK time zone. While this is not the largest time zone difference it still represents a significant communication limiting factor. As communication between RBS and Infosys may be limited to certain number of working hours, specifically if complex tasks need to be queried, if the working time of either country has finished confirmation and progress may be delayed until the next day (Lee-Kelly and Sankey 2008). 8.0 Financial Assessment 8.1 Lower wages Outsourcing to an outsourcer in another country can offer significant savings for RBS. Because of lower wage rates companies such as Infosys can offer significant savings to carry out the same tasks. Bummer (2012) reported that graduate jobs with experience of using the software program CA-7 which is used for a number of operations within RBSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s computer system were advertised with salaries between  £9,000 and  £11,000 which is a significant saving on what a worker would be paid for carrying out the same job in the UK. However RBS should be a ware of the increasing levels of inflation within countries such as India, as high levels of inflation can increase the cost of outsourcing, this is of particular importance in long term outsourcing contracts (Javalgi et al., 2013). 8.2 Reduced Operational Costs RBS can benefit from outsourcers economies of scale, due to the fact that outsourcers such as Infosys employee a large number of employees specialised within the same areas such as IT, this enables them to carry out the same transaction processes as businesses such as RBS but at a lower cost (Hecker and Kretschmer, 2010). These efficiency savings enable Infosys offer RBS cost savings. 8.3 Recruitment Costs As mentioned previously outsourcing to India provides the opportunity to access an attractive labour market. However the cost of recruitment and training of any individual can be costly and time consuming process. However the outsourcing of operations allows for the cost to be carried by the outsourcer (McIvor, R. 2010). Offering access to Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s skilled labour force without the negatives of recruitment and training. 8.4 Hidden Costs The outsourcing of operations can be a complex process and has the potential to undermine the cost saving strategies through unexpected costs. Larsen et al (2011) further indicates that hidden costs can occur at a number of stages of the outsourcing contact, including the cost of initial selection of an outsourcer and unexpected high levels of coordination during the implementation stage. Further hidden costs can arise from additional training when outsourcing complex tasks as well as previously mentioned when outsourcing to a foreign country cultural issues may introduce hidden additional training costs. 9.0 Conclusion In conclusion it is clear that outsourcing of non-core operations can provide the RBS with the opportunity of focus of core operations that add value and competitive advantages. While outsourcers can offer many be nefits including significant cost savings, increased workload efficiency and enabling access to highly qualified labour markets. In the case of RBS it can also be concluded that IT can also be classified as an operation that is not only a back office operation but a platform that can provide value and competitive services through the development of new technologies. However outsourcing for RBS is not without its challenges, such the training of its complex legacy system, possible communication barriers and time zone differences as well as the consideration of outsourcing on its own staff. The risks of failed outsourcing can be extremely damaging, in the particular RBSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s IT glitch in 2012, which results in consumer compensation of  £175m and a fine  £56m while also significantly damaging RBS reputation. Whilst outsourcing offers RBS many benefits it is unknown whether this disaster could have been prevented if IT had not been outsourced. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Outsourcing for RBS" essay for you Create order

Forbidden and Dangerous Love Free Essays

essay Josephine Sellberg English Mrs. Giraud 1/9/10 Forbidden and Dangerous Love The story †Pyramus and Thisbe† is about two lovers, Pyramus and Thisbe. Because their love is forbidden, they are forced to do dangerous things to satisfy it. We will write a custom essay sample on Forbidden and Dangerous Love or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the story, Pyramus and Thisbe’s parents have forbidden their love for each other. The teenagers live on either side of a wall that separates them. The two lovers one day decide that they want to be together and not have a wall between them. They decide to do a dangerous thing and sneak away from home into the dark fields. What drives the action in this story is Pyramus and Thisbe’s love that just gets stronger because it is forbidden. They take a dangerous risk when they sneak out into the wild when it’s dark and lions are around. When something is forbidden it can make it even more â€Å"attractive† and that is what happens with Pyramus and Thisbe’s love. Pyramus, â€Å"the handsomest youth† and Thisbe, â€Å"the fairest maiden† are the two lovers in the story; they want to get married, but their parents will not let them (1). One thing, however, they cannot forbid is their love for each other. In fact, their love â€Å"burned more intensely for being covered up† (1). They converse by signs and glances. Pyramus and Thisbe find a crack in the wall that separates them, allowing them to talk to each other. Amazing â€Å"what will not love discover† (1). Every night, when it is time to say farewell, the lovers are forced to â€Å"press their lips upon the wall† (1). They can never give each other a real goodnight kiss or a hug when they need one. The wall do not only separate them it separates their love. They just have to do something about it; it is just too hard for them to restrain their affection. This decision leads to dangerous plans. Danger moves the story forward due to Pyramus and Thisbe’s choices and plans. The two lovers decide to take the chance and sneak out. They were going to sneak out in the middle of the night beyond the â€Å"watchful eyes of their parents† (2) Pyramus has some knowledge of the danger because he brings a sword which he later uses to kill himself. They were going to meet in the fields the next night and be together. Thisbe is at the meeting place first and has to wait for Pyramus to come. She sees a lion and flees, and finds refuge under a rock. She drops her veil, which the lioness tosses around with her bloody mouth. When Pyramus approaches the meeting place, he sees footsteps of a lion and his lover’s bloody veil. He thinks that he has been the cause of her death and then he kills himself with the sword. As soon as Thisbe recognizes her lover she knows that she was not going to live her life without Pyramus, so she also kills herself. Pyarmus and Thisbe’s plan to sneak out ends up to be dangerous and nothing like they thought it would be like. Pyramus and Thisbe’s â€Å"forbidden love† for each other make them do dangerous things. Their love even gets stronger because of the fact that it is forbidden, and nothing can tear them apart. The story ends telling that even death cannot separate the two lovers. Pyramus and Thisbe were born to be together and that was how it was going to stay. When something is forbidden, it can be more interesting or attractive to a person. Something forbidden can make a person want to explore it even more, and take a risk just to explore it. When there is something we really want is withheld, our behavior and judgment can easily be clouded. How to cite Forbidden and Dangerous Love, Papers

Socio-Economic Changes in the Atlantic World from 1492-1750 free essay sample

The Atlantic, what had previously been a predominately dormant ocean, erupted with a flurry of activity during the latter portion of the 15th century C.E. with the first voyages of Christopher Columbus. With these came an onslaught of intercontinental trade, beginning, obviously, with the Columbian exchange in the early 1500’s C.E. The expanse of time between 1492-1750 C.E. brought to all Atlantic shores, what is debatably the greatest transformation ever undergone by these constituencies. In addition to the original bout of explosive growth felt by Africa, Western Europe, and the Americas, the socio-economic ramifications of such were soon mutually experienced on all sides, if not in different ways. As the practice of cash-cropping on a large scale took root, the need for slave labor increased significantly all around the board, this seamlessly segueing into a mix of cultures, never before seen in the Americas. With this particular period of time, the enumerable cultures of t he African, European, and American peoples desperately clung to their own cultural ideals and practices, even in the instance of African enslavement. We will write a custom essay sample on Socio-Economic Changes in the Atlantic World from 1492-1750 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This, to me, brings up one of the most interesting ways in which multiple social continuities have transpired throughout a period of history, while all the while being morphed and shaped by the customs of the society into which they went forth (or were brought into by force, presumably as the case would have been for coerced laborers from Africa after being shipped to the Americas to work as slaves). Without the Columbian Exchange, it is very doubtful that much change at all would have occurred in the regions bordering the Atlantic during this time period, given that it allowed for, and was originally, the sole source of transoceanic collateral dispersal. This economized redistribution of goods and wealth throughout the West gave rise to copious alterations throughout Europe, Africa, and the budding Americas. Many of these changes (especially those pertaining to the financial modifications that took place on both sides of the Atlantic) are made quite evident by their superficiality. For example, the Americas were involuntarily ushered into the tradeoff between staggering population losses and equally exponential gains in new crops, commodities, etc. After the initial biological shock of European conquest, the Native American peoples watched as the dust settled over a very different economic landscape than the one they had previously navigated as an entirely self-sufficient tribal nations. The relatively rapid influx of new goods, crops, and animals to the Americas caused the two continents to explode economically. Equitably, the large number of American goods flowing back into Europe (and eventually western Africa) caused a major shift in the European mindset as well as an even larger bulge than was already present in the pocketbooks of numerous European royals. With the effects of silver bullion mining in Spain spidering outward through Europe, Africa, and soon, across the Atlantic to the Americas somewhat, the West received yet another hit of economic amphet amines in its veins. The monetary channels that had previously been restricted by a shortage of resources, lack of new and/or mysterious (foreign) products, and the ever present greed of autocrats, were enormously dilated by new contacts and trades amongst Europe, the Americas, and Africa. However, as always, somebody generally ends up with the butt end of the deal. In this particular case, this â€Å"somebody† was the impoverished African masses. In an effort to preserve/expand the economies of their constituencies, many African rulers evilly took advantage of the rapidly growing new demand for slave laborers in the New World. The previously discussed J-curve of transcontinental/oceanic financial influx generated a â€Å"need† for coerced, inexpensive labor not only in the Americas, but in Europe as well, where the introduction of new cash crops like corn were being produced on a massive scale. This increased demand for blatantly immoral slave labor in conjunction wit h the sickening willingness of many African leaders to literally sell out their people for personal gain, to me was one of the major contributors to the overall European attitude of apathy towards the sickening atrocities occurring within the slave trade not only within the triangular trade itself, but additionally in the sugar plantations in the West Indies and other areas where African slaves were being violently mistreated. On top of the transoceanic economic/agricultural boom and the subsequent rise in the volume of human cargo in triangular trade, other changes were occurring during this time due to the reasons discussed in the thesis. Due to the steady flow of newfound luxuries to Europe, many Europeans found themselves â€Å"addicted† to these newfangled â€Å"vessels of hedonism†, thus sculpting an entirely new European mindset in respect to the natural moral desert of luxury items by non-royalty. Across the Atlantic in the Americas, the large-scale introductio n of slave labor began to seed a melting pot (albeit not anything close to our modern, feel-good, definition of such) of cultures, races, languages, and more. While the changes that occurred in the expanse of time between the latter portion of the 15th century C.E. and the mid 18th century C.E. were great in quantity, it is important to realize that even throughout these hemispherical shifts, some specific elements of the Atlantic culture(s), social structure(s), and economy(ies) remained unaltered. The cultural and ethnic mixing referenced at the end of the previous paragraph brings up the interesting way in which certain parts of each Atlantic culture managed to remain preserved. Renowned evolutionary biologist Dr. Richard Dawkins refers to these as â€Å"memes†. Dawkins theorizes that memes (defined by Dawkins as: â€Å"any cultural entity that an observer might consider a replicator.†) present themselves at one point of time in history and, if accepted widely enoug h, press on through a process of natural selection by society. It is these cultural memes that I believe constitute the backbone of the continuities of this time period in the Atlantic. The mix of cultures caused by the Columbian Exchange as well as slavery in the Americas (and, yes, Europe also) is just that – a mix. Even though so many changes couldn’t help but transpire due to the reasons above listed, the memes of each distinct social group shone through, persevering through hardship and crossing, quite literally, the stormy seas of economic shift. It is these memes that ever-so-subtly made their presence known (and continue to do so to this day) in the meshed peoples of the Americas, Africa, and western Europe. In summary, the Atlantic played host to enormous change during the latter half of the 1st millennia C.E., while also (quite involuntarily, and most likely, unknowingly) providing an ideal environment for the memes of multiple societies and cultures to mesh beautifully.

Jiangsu Province Tourism

Living in a Samoan Fale (house)

Living in a Samoan Fale (house) The type of materials that was once used in construction of structures that people used to live in among the Maori people was the things that they would find readily available in the swamps as well as the forests. They would gather up all their building materials after sifting through what they needed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Living in a Samoan Fale (house) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This mainly consisted of grass, reeds bark from trees as well as wood. The first people to get there from foreign lands were taught how to put up their structures using various natural materials. The use of other types of building materials such as bricks was not been embraced. The forest cover was quite extensive and this ensured that the supply of wood and bark as well as other materials used in construction was inexhaustible. The structures that the people put up were made of wood on the inside as well as the outside. Th e inner sides of the walls were made of large pieces of wood which was mostly covered in a textile that was woven. This material was called scrim. The outermost layer was wallpaper. The roofs of their shelters which were formed from wooden material were draughty and when it rained, the effects were felt on the inside with the rain dripping into the shelters. Pegs that were made from wood were used to hold the joints fast together. It is good to try and maintain the conventional lifestyle that was once the main style of living. One of the styles that one ought to try and consider is living in a Samoan Fale. The types of structures are very simple to come up with since everything is straight forward. The materials do not require a lot of work to acquire the right ones. Getting the wood is almost the easiest part of it. The good thing about this types of structures is that they are open and do not entail a lot of details. The structure consists of an open room that is very easily acces sible. There are also no windows to the structure which is one feature that makes it quite unique. The whole idea behind the construction of these structures is to have an open but enclosed area. It gives one plenty of space to move around. The space is suitable for people who may be claustr4phobic. It is also suitable for the people who like to have a lot of freedom. The structure enables one to move around without any obstruction of sorts that may normally interrupt people’s movement. The floors are simple and do not entail the complex materials that are used to construct the more contemporary houses. In general, it can be argued that apart from missing the luxuries that contemporary homes offer one, a Samoan Fale offers a sense of freedom that can only be found there. An individual can relax and take time off to reflect on issue that may be affecting their lives while resting in a Fale.Advertising Looking for essay on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you ! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is unlike a modern home which gives one the feeling of being enclosed within the confines of walls which may act as a lock out mechanism. The feeling of locking out the world from ones self is normally associated with depression. The Samoan Fale can help one avoid depression by getting them to feel like they are part and parcel of the society. One important aspect of the Samoan Fale is that it helps simplify the construction and is environment friendly. There is little damage that is done to the environment compared to the other types of houses which entail a lot of work that may eventually play a major role in affecting the environment. By playing a role in conserving the nature, one will leave their mark in the world when they are no longer here. By Living in a Samoan Fale, one can experience many things that they would have not been able to go through before. The feeling of being attachà © d to nature is one of the positive feelings that the structure will offer one. Most people suffer from the stress that is associated with everyday goings on. This may include work and domestic related stress. Living in a Samoan Fale may give one a route with which they can escape from the hustle and bustle of daily living. It may be considered the equivalent of camping out in the wild although it is not exactly out there in the wild. An individual may learn to appreciate the true aspects of nature when they live in a Samoan Fale. Appreciating the beauty of the structure among other things is only the first step in achieving self satisfaction which is very important for people. Structures that have been designed with the Samoan Fale in mind are very beautiful and can attract a lot of attention. They are unique and have a blend of modern styles and contemporary art. They appeal to all people who see them and they are also easy to construct. The benefits of living in a Samoan Fale are countless. It is a goo d inspirational tool and will motivate anyone who lives in it to try and do something different.

Externality Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Externality - Assignment Example When economies have competition and no externalities, the markets will allocate resources in order to maximize the surplus available. However, when or if these conditions are not met, market failure may occur, as the market has not achieved the optimal outcome. If the parties involved can bargain without cost over the allocated resources, then the private market will always solve the problem of externalities. However, we realize this is not the case in all circumstances and therefore may require government means of intervention to correct the imbalance. Market failures in this case are failures only in the limited sense that they involve transaction costs that can be weakened by substituting internal organization for market exchange. (Unknown Author. â€Å"Market Failures and Externalities.† BasicEconomics.info). Market failures are affected by all of the following: static markets, contractual incompleteness, strategic misrepresentation risk, information processing effects, an d institutional adaptations. (Williamson Oliver E., The American Economic Review). These influences all play an integral role in the steps to market failure. The justification for government intervention usually comes about as a result of market failure within a particular market. This government intervention is implemented through the means of public policy, taxes, subsidies, bailouts, regulations, and wage and price controls. The government may also include attempts to correct market failure through the re-allocation of resources. A prime example of this would be the recent government bailouts and stimulus packages put together by Obama and Congress. There are several different perspectives about the cause of market failure, but market failure will always occur if there the market is ‘monopolized’ or a small group of businesses hold significant power. Some market failures are also due to the nature of the good or service being a public good. Negative externalities aff ect social cost much greater than the private cost. A great example of this would be the seat belt law and helmet law for motorcyclists. There are several times when we have sat in a car and wondered why should I put my seat belt on? I am only riding around the corner†¦ People have often questioned whether the government has the right to tell someone to put on their seat belt or wear a helmet when riding. The negative externality is derived from the scientific data that shows us that people involved in automobile accidents that wear seat belts and helmets have much less greater injuries than those that do not. These safety devises can greatly reduce fatalities associated with the incidents. Society as a whole, often times must foot the bill of these injuries through tax dollars because many of the people involved in these crashes do not have enough insurance. When you add medical bills, missed work, disabilities, and foster care- the social burden can become quite great. Also a lot of the funding that goes behind programs is tied to safety compliance. (Unknown Author. Cals.ncsu.edu) A great example of a positive externality would be the new green energy initiative that is taking place. In the past couple of years, the U.S. government has dramatically stressed the importance of fuel independence from the Middle East, and has sought ways

3 to Choose From Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

3 to Choose From - Essay Example The recent nuclear energy agreement (1-2-3 agreement) signed between India and America is the best example for the interests in nuclear energy by developing countries like India. Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion are the two scientific processes used to liberate energy from the nucleus of an atom. Both these processes have its scientific base in the famous relativity theory formulated by the well known scientist Einstein. The equation E = mc2 (E-energy, m- mass of the matter and v – velocity of light) formulated by Einstein serves as the base for these two processes nuclear fission and fusion. Through this equation Einstein established that matter can be converted to energy and vice versa. Nuclear fission is a process of splitting up of a heavy nucleus by a fast moving neutron. Mostly one of the isotopes of Uranium, U235 is used for the fission purpose. When U235 is bombarded with a neutron, it will be accepted by the U235 nucleus and becomes U236. But U236 is This reaction was first studied by Enrico Fermi and his colleagues. But they failed to interpret the results properly. They could not identify the reason for the formation of two new elements when Uranium nucleus was bombarded with a neutron. But German scientists Otto Hann and Fritz Strassmann were successful in explaining the process. They have concluded that â€Å"if a massive nucleus like uranium-235 breaks apart (fissions), then there will be a net yield of energy because the sum of the masses of the fragments will be less than the mass of the uranium nucleus.† (Nuclear Fission) Nuclear fusion is the reverse process of nuclear fission. Here two light nuclei were combined to form a single heavier nucleus. It is a process in which both energy absorption as well as energy liberation takes place. It occurs naturally at stars. The Sun is able to produce huge amount of heat only because of the fusion reaction happening in it. Unlike

Effect of Sun Protection on Children

Effect of Sun Protection on Children Queenie J. Magadia   Introduction Research and evaluation are both characterized by same features that focuses on answering a question using data collection and analysis methods. Evaluation is a set of research process and practice that critically examines the existing programs. The purpose of evaluation is providing judgments about a programs actions, activities and outcomes to improve its effectiveness and policy making (Elliot, 2005). Health program evaluation is important to ensure the effectiveness of the quality of a programs goal. It can also help in identifying areas of program design and implementation that needs improvement. Evaluation can demonstrate outcomes or impact of program success and by the health sector to continuously monitor the progress of the programs goal more effectively and efficiently. Background of the Study Skin cancer is the most common cancer in New Zealand and they have the highest rates in the world. It is characterized as melanoma or non-melanoma skin cancer. According to Cancer Society (2015), there are 486 New Zealanders died from skin cancer in year 2012 and over 90% skin cancer cases are due to excessive sun exposure. Furthermore, there are about 67,000 new cases of non-melanoma skin cancer a year and it plays around 80% of all new cancers registration each year. As early as possible, early detection is the best chance of treating skin cancer successfully. New Zealand high skin cancer rates are due to high level of UV radiation during daylights saving months, low ozone levels, outdoor lifestyle and large number of people with fair skin. Skin cancer is largely preventable by reducing the excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation coming from the sun or sunbeds through encouraging people to be SunSmart and to slip, slop, slap and wrap in the months when UV radiation are very high between September and April from 10am-4pm (Cancer Society, 2015). This paper will review the five (5) recent evaluation research about skin cancer programmes in different countries and critically evaluate their significance, methodology, and quality that can provide information in identifying its success and effectiveness for every individual. This will also analyze the four (4) audit and evaluation processes and approaches evaluated which are process, economic, impact and outcome process evaluation. Economic evaluation of the US Environmental Protection Agencys SunWise program: sun protection education for young children This study assessed the clinical or health benefits and economic impact of school-based SunWise sun protection education programme for young children from 5-15 years of age to protect them from overexposure to the sun and prevent them from having skin cancers. The researchers used the quantitative methods to conduct a surveys in a participating school. They also used standard cost/ benefit and cost effectiveness analytical approach as a method to explain any reduction in sun exposure into decrease occurrence of skin cancer and measure the estimated intervention cost to be sustained by the US government which funds the SunWise program (Kyle, et al., 2009). For results of the study, the economic analysis showed that if the SunWise Educational School Program remains through 2015 at current funding levels, it should prevent more than 50 premature deaths, approximately 11,000 skin cancers and 960 quality adjusted life-years amongst participants (Kyle, et al., 2009). This study contributes to the knowledge of educating children about sun safety for the reduction of incidence and mortality of skin cancer. Economic evaluation of skin cancer prevention in Australia This research evaluated the cost effectiveness of SunSmart skin cancer prevention program as an upgraded and ongoing national program in Australia. The significance of the study is to prevent the occurrence of skin cancer using the prevention program. They used the quantitative method to express the results of the reduction of melanoma skin cancer incidence rates used to showed key health outcomes and non-melanoma skin cancer was separately showed based on national survey results (Shih, Carter, Heward, Sinclair, 2009). The results of the study estimated that SunSmart has avoided 28,000 disablity-adjusted life years (DALYs), similar to 22,000 life-years saved since it was introduced in 1988 in addition to saving money from cost balance in skin cancer management (Shih, Carter, Heward, Sinclair, 2009). This study contributes to prove that a continuous modest investment in skin cancer like sun protection program is possibly provide an excellent value for money. Evaluation of a health promotion intervention for skin cancer prevention in Spain: The SolSano program. This study was done to evaluate the effects of SolSano sun protection program on students knowledge, practices and attitudes about SunSafety. The researchers used a non-randomized, community intervention without control group, and with schools as the unit of intervention. There are 5845 children from 215 Argonese Primary Schools are participated in the program. The pre and post-test surveys were consisted of two parts, the Draw and Write research strategy and the questionnaires. Majority of interventions are improved and presented a significant change in knowledge and behaviors based on the increase in the total of students score of using sun protective methods (Gilaberte, Alonso, Teruel, Granizo, Gallego, 2008). This study demonstrates the achievement on improving the knowledge and habits of the children about the sun damage and protection. It contributes the importance of the use of sunscreen for the children to protect them from the effects of radiation coming the sun and to change the sun protection behavior by promoting and developing a well-designed educational programs. Australian primary schools sun protection policy and practice: evaluating the impact of the National SunSmart Schools Program This study examined the trends in sun protection policy and practice of Australian primary schools and the impact of the National SunSmart Schools Program. The researchers used the quantitative methods to conduct a survey to all primary schools from all states and territories of Australia. They were surveyed their sun protection policy and practice between September and November 2005 to compared and analyzed it into 1998 and 2001 data using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests (Jone, Beckmann, Rayner, 2008). The results of the study, there was an increase to 80% in the percentage of primary schools with written sun protection policy, even though some parts of policy were less expected to be included in 2005 than in 2001(Jone, et al., 2008). The researchers found that the SunSmart Schools have a higher level of protection policy and practice than non-SunSmart schools. This study contributes the need of encouraging the development of complete written sun protection policies in all primary schools and a continuous supporting the primary school sun protection activities. Continued Impact of SunSmart Advertising on Youth and Adults Behaviors This research examined whether the exposure to summer campaigns in the past decade has sustained to impact sun protection behavior and to study the age groups behavioral impact. The researchers used quantitative research method and conducted a cross-sectional weekly telephone survey of Melbourne residents from 1987-1988 to 2010-2011 over summers and evaluated in 2012-2014 to determine the frequency of a particular point of exposure, their sun-related attitudes and sun protection. Furthermore, the exposure level of SunSmart TV advertising campaign with tanning preference and behavioral outcomes was calculated as cumulated weekly target audience rating points (TARPs) in terms of reach and frequency for four (4) weeks (Dobbinson, Volkov, Wakefield, 2015). The findings showed that there was an increase TARPs related to increased preference for no tan, sunscreen use, and reduction in the percentage of sun exposure and these effects are inadequately related with age group, gender, skin type or time period (Dobbinson, Volkov, Wakefield, 2015). This study contributes on the importance of continuous advertising health promotion campaign that focused on adolescents and young adult especially on summer months with reliable useful effect on sun protection behaviors. Audit and Evaluation Processes Economic evaluation of the US Environmental Protection Agencys SunWise program: sun protection education for young children Economic evaluation is a type of evaluation that identify and measure the inputs and outcomes of using societys resources which can be defined as a comparative analysis of different courses of action based on both their costs and consequences (Brouwer Georgiou, 2012). The researchers used the standard cost/benefits and cost effectiveness analysis, a form of economic evaluation to evaluate the SunWise health benefits and regulate the programs net benefits and cost-effectiveness. The intervention costs were measured as program cost and health outcomes were measured as skin cancer and premature mortalities (Kyle, et al., 2009). They used the effectiveness evaluation of SunWise to represent the health outcomes based on pretest and posttest surveys administered to students who joined in the program. This evaluation showed that if the SunWise School Program lasts through 2015 with the present funding levels, then it should prevent premature deaths and productivity losses are saved, depending on the funding situation (Kyle, et al., 2009). The study showed the importance of educating children about sunsafety and it may result in decreasing the incidence and mortality of skin cancer. Economic evaluation of skin cancer prevention in Australia The researchers used the economic evaluation to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the ongoing national program of Australia which is SunSmart skin cancer prevention program. The reduction in melanoma rate due to SunSmart was showed as the primary end-point. Melanoma incidence rate were used to modelled the key health outcomes from Australian states and non-melanoma skin cancer was showed separately based on national survey result (Shih, Carter, Heward, Sinclair, 2009). The main purpose of cost-effectiveness analysis is to identify the most effective decision or course of action for accomplishing an objective that is not measurable in economic terms like health goal outcomes relating mortality and morbidity effects of intervention (Brouwer Georgiou, 2012). The study showed that an upgraded national program SunSmart can saved more life-years and estimated to prevent disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) with reductions in the use of health care resources for the next 20 years (Shih, Carter, Heward, Sinclair, 2009). Evaluation of a health promotion intervention for skin cancer prevention in Spain: The SolSano program. Outcome evaluation investigates the programme effects in the target population by evaluating the progress in the outcomes or objectives (Trochim, 2006). This study evaluates the effects of SolSano SunSafety health promotion programme on students knowledge, attributes and practices. The researcher used pretest and posttest surveys which is composed of two parts: the Draw and Write research strategy and questionnaires. Pretest and posttest design are used to compare participant groups and evaluate the degree of change happening or the effectiveness of SolSano on students as an outcome of intervention (Shuttleworth, 2009). The findings showed that SolSano programme accomplished a reduction in the percentage of reported sunburns and there was a significantly increased in the use of sunsafety resources after the intervention. The evaluation demonstrates that significant knowledge can be learned, attitudes about the healthiness of a tan can be changed and behavior regarding sun protection can be developed by educational programs (Gilaberte, et al., 2008). Australian primary schools sun protection policy and practice: evaluating the impact of the National SunSmart Schools Program Impact evaluation is an analysis of how the intervention being assessed affects outcomes of the programme (OECD, 2001). This research evaluated trends of Australian primary schools sun protection policy and practice and the impact of the National SunSmart Schools program. The researchers conducted a survey on primary schools from all states of Australia to gather data about their sun protection policy and analyzed the data using descriptive statistics and chi-square (Jone, Beckmann, Rayner, 2008). Impact evaluation showed that there has been an increase in the percentage of schools with written sun protection policy and have a higher level of policy and practice found in SunSmart schools compared to non-SunSmart schools. This evaluation highlights the Importance of encouraging and giving support for the development of sun protection policies in primary schools (Jone, Beckmann, Rayner, 2008). Continued Impact of SunSmart Advertising on Youth and Adults Behaviors. The researchers make use of process and impact evaluation to determine the outcome of the study. Through process evaluation, it monitors the process of delivering the programme or technology which is Televised advertising SunSmart campaign and this evaluation showed how accessible and acceptable the program to the youth and adults (Trochim, 2006). This also evaluates the influence of SunSmart campaign to sun protection attitudes and behaviors. The results of a process evaluation will use to strengthen the program and use to improve the future activities for the good outcomes of the campaign. If the campaign program did not produce the expected outcomes, it may be due to some implementation issues (Trochim, 2006). Therefore, it is useful to conduct process evaluation while implementing impact evaluation. Impact evaluation was done to evaluate the effectiveness of the ssadvertising campaign to the youth and adults since the televised advertisement plays an important role in public education for preventing skin cancer in Australia (Dobbinson, Volkov, Wakefield, 2015). Figure 1: Logic Evaluation Model Source: University of Idaho (1999) Retrieved from: http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/pdf/CIS/CIS1097.pdf The Logic Model    The Logic Model process is a tool similar to evaluation models that has been used by program managers and evaluators to demonstrate the effectiveness of the programs. It explains the logical relationships among programs resources and activities, interventions, audiences, and short and long-term outcomes related to a situation or problem. Logic models demonstrate a system of cause and effect relationship- which is an approach to achieve the desired outcome. This model has four (4) basic essential components, the inputs, activities, outputs and outcomes. (Frye Hemmer, 2012). The Inputs evaluation includes all the related resources, skills, fundings and facilities that delivers an opportunity to communicate the quality of the program. Evaluating the effectiveness of the program is made easier when the prearranged inputs are effectively described. The second component of Logic Model is Activities, it is the set of treatments, strategies or planned for the program. On the other hand, the outputs purpose is to establish the relationships between the problem and the impact or the intended outcome of the program. The outcomes evaluation can be short-term, medium-term or long term results of the program activities. It includes the learners skill acquisition, program participants implementation of new knowledge or any changes in health status of participants from the effectiveness of the program (Frye Hemmer, 2012). This evaluation model can contribute in the implementation of health promotion campaign programme of preventing skin cancer especially in New Zealand which has the highest rates in the world. It can provide and improve the attitudes, knowledge and behaviours about sun damage and protection policy and practices. Furthermore, this model can identify the critical measures of performance and effectiveness of the skin cancer programme. The Logic model is useful for recognizing the element of the skin cancer program and measuring the progress in the outcomes of the skin cancer prevention. Conclusions Evaluation research is an important process of examining and assessing the programs achievements. It is an important tool to provide and achieve the objectives for the improvement and success of the program. Evaluation is important to an organization ensure the effectiveness of quality of the program design and implementation and monitor the progress of the goal more effectively. Brouwer, R., Georgiou, S. (2012). Economic Evaluation. Retrieved from World Health Organization: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2012/ch12.pdf Cancer Society. (2015, April). About skin cancer. Retrieved from Cancer Society: https://auckland-northland.cancernz.org.nz/en/reducing-cancer-risk-2/what-you-can-do/sunsmart/about-skin-cancer/ Dobbinson, S., Volkov, A., Wakefield, M. (2015). Continued Impact of SunSmart Advertising on Youth and Adults Behaviors. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 49(1), 20-28. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2015.01.011 Elliot, S. (2005). Evaluation Research Methods. Retrieved from Sage Publishing: https://au.sagepub.com/en-gb/oce/evaluation-research-methods/book226796 Frye, A., Hemmer, P. (2012). Program evaluation models and related. Medical Teacher, 34(5), e288-e299. doi:10.3109/0142159x.2012.668637 Gilaberte, Y., Alonso, J. P., Teruel, M. P., Granizo, C., Gallego, J. (2008). Evaluation of a health promotion intervention for skin cancer prevention in Spain: the SolSano program. Health Promotion International, 23(3), 209-219. doi:10.1093/heapro/dan020 Jone, S., Beckmann, K., Rayner, J. (2008, August). Australian primary schools sun protection policy and practice: evaluating the impact of the National SunSmart Schools Program. Health Promotion, 19(2), 86-90. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18647119 Kyle, J., Hammitt, J., Lim, H., Geller, A., Hall-Jordan, L., Maibach, E., . . . Wagner, M. (2009). Economic evaluation of the US Environmental Protection Agencys SunWise program: sun protection education for young children. Pediatrics, 121(5), 1074-1084. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-1400 OECD. (2001). Outline of principles of impact evaluation. Retrieved from OECD: http://www.oecd.org/dac/evaluation/dcdndep/37671602.pdf Shih, S. T., Carter, R., Heward, S., Sinclair, C. (2009). Economic evaluation of future skin cancer prevention in Australia. Preventive Medicine. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.01.013 Shuttleworth, M. (2009). Pretest-Posttest Designs. Retrieved from Explorable: https://explorable.com/pretest-posttest-designs Trochim, W. (2006, October 20). Introduction to Evaluation . Retrieved from Social Research Methods: http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/intreval.php University of Idaho Extension. (1999). The Logic Model for program planning and evaluation. Retrieved from University of Idaho Extension: http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/pdf/CIS/CIS1097.pdf

Alcohol Abuse in Russia

Joe Bloe Professor I. B Smart BS 131 December XX, 2008 Alcohol Abuse in Russia Family Issues Russians drink more alcohol than any other nation in the world. (Halpin, 2007, p1) The Times of London reports that Russians are currently going on an alcoholic binge even by Russian standards. According to the country’s chief public health officer, Gennadi Onishenko, Russians are drinking nearly three times as much as they did sixteen years ago. Onishenko’s study was promulgated by the Russian equivalent of the consumer protection agency and it reported that at least 2. million people in Russia were alcoholics. The average Russian consumed 15 litres (26 pints) of pure alcohol per annum, up from 5. 4 litres in 1990, and this phenomena is blamed for a rising rate of mortality among men. This compares to 8. 4 litres for people in the United States and 7. 6 litres in Japan. (Halpin, 2007 p 1) Violent crime and alcohol consumption have increased throughout the Russian federation sin ce the fall of the Soviet Union. This has shown harmful consequences for families and communities, as heavy alcohol drinking is closely associated with violent behavior in Russia.The correlation between heavy drinking and violence is a complicated mixture of physiological, psychological, situational, social and cultural elements. Whenever measures to control alcohol production and consumption have been introduced, reduced violence has occurred in Russia and elsewhere. (WHO, 2006) Violence is a family’s worst enemy and may include physical and sexual assaults, mental or emotional abuse and neglect. It may also be categorized into interpersonal violence, child maltreatment or neglect, intimate partner violence within a relationship, sexual violence, abuse of the elderly or self-directed violence including suicide. WHO, 2006) There is ample evidence to support the relationship between heavy drinking and violence. In Russia, alcohol has been involved in three-quarters of homicide arrests. Families often bear the brunt of the violence that emanates from heavy drinking. In the Central Black-Earth Region of Russia, a study showed that 77% of violent crimes against family members involved drinking with 35% of these drinkers bingeing every day. Among male perpetrators of spousal homicide, 60–75% of offenders had been drinking before the incident. (WHO, 2006)Alcohol abuse affects physical and cognitive functioning resulting in reduced self-control and the ability to process incoming information. This makes drinkers more apt to resort to violence to resolve conflicts. (Rand Corp. , 2002) Heavy drinking can impair parents’ responsibilities toward themselves and their children. Drinking also reduces the amount of time and money spent on their children, often neglecting the children’s basic needs. Alcohol abuse by either the parent or the child increases the child’s vulnerability to sexual abuse.Sometimes children are made to drink alcohol to facilitate sexual acts or involve them in child pornography. (WHO, 2006) Alcohol abuse during pregnancy can result in children being born with fetal alcohol syndrome as well as health issues for the mother. Excessive drinking in a relationship can create problems with finances, childcare, infidelity or other stressors leading to potentially violent situations. (WHO, 2006) Health Issues Russians are suffering from a problem with demographic retention and a declining population base.Alcoholism is a leading cause in rising Russian mortality rates, particularly among males. Alcohol contributes to premature deaths involving accidents, injuries and violence particularly among males. Male mortality rates fell sharply during Gorbachev’s anti-alcohol campaign of 1984 to 1987. This effort reduced state alcohol production, raised prices for liquor, mandated alcoholic treatments where needed and cracked down on homemade liquor. The program was highly unpopular and abandoned, after wh ich both consumption of alcohol and mortality rates for males increased dramatically once again. Rand Corp. , 2002) Russia’s population has dropped from 145 million in 2002 to 140,702,000 in July of 2008. The birth rate is slightly higher at 11. 3 births per 1,000; up from 9. 1 per 1,00 in 2002. Male life expectancy is only 59 years and for females it is 73 years. (Fitzgerald, 2003, CIA 2008) Statistics for children are not encouraging. In 2003, the number of healthy children in Russia dropped from 45. 5 percent to 33. 9 percent over ten years, and the number of disabled children doubled, according to the epidemiology section of the Health Ministry.According to information gathered form the 2002 census, one third of Russian children are born out of wedlock. (Fitzgerald, 2003) The Russian Ministry of Health did not blame alcoholic parents for substandard health environments or the usual culprits of drug abuse, or smoking and eating junk food but blamed an increase in the schoo l workload and less time for outdoor exercise. The Ministry claimed that an incredible 75% of children were said to have hypertension and related problems in the 2003 analysis of Russian health. (Fitzgerald, 2003)Beer is regarded in many areas as if it were soda pop. Children as young as 13 routinely drink beer in public in some areas and the national legal drinking age is currently 18 years. Vodka has traditionally been available nearly everywhere to nearly everybody in Russia and children have no problem finding it. As in America and elsewhere, heavy alcohol consumption in Russia impedes a family’s well being in a host of problematic ways. And Russians drink more alcohol per capita than any other national population in the world. (Halpin, 2007)Gorbachev’s attempt to limit alcohol abuse In 1985 President Gorbachev, who was then president of the USSR, began a campaign to limit alcohol abuse by raising the legal drinking age to 21 years and imposing tough legal sanction s on home production of alcohol. (Today, the drinking age is 18 years. ) During the period of 1984 through 1987 when the campaign was running, state sales of alcohol decreased by 61%. Statistically speaking, the effort was successful in that total violent deaths dropped 33% and alcohol-related violent deaths dropped by 51%.The program was not popular with the public, however, and was abandoned in 1987. By 1992, market reforms for alcohol were instituted that liberalized trade and dropped prices and the rates of violent deaths increased substantially. (WHO, 2006) These rising figures are subject to interpretation because this was the era of perestroika in Russia and increases in violent deaths cannot be solely attributed to increases in alcohol availability and consumption. The temporal correlations between the crackdown on alcohol and the drops in violence indicate that they are interconnected.Perestroika and glasnost were introduced to Russian society in response to President Gorba chev’s initiatives toward political reform and moral recovery. A cornerstone of his plan was a reduction in drinking which he saw not only as a health problem but a cause of economic inefficiency. (McKee, 1999) He adopted a heavy-handed approach to limiting alcohol production, distribution and use. All state agencies were ordered to develop departmental strategies to cut down alcohol consumption. Alcohol was banned at official functions and party officials who drank heavily were dismissed from their jobs.Liquor outlets were dramatically reduced and the media changed its attitude to one of intolerance for alcohol and organizations like the All-Union Voluntary Society for the Struggle for Sobriety sprang up. This association claimed 12 million members one year after organizing. (McKee, 1999) Within a few years, as the Soviet Union was collapsing, the campaign faltered and was eventually replaced by a rapid rise in consumption, driven by widespread illicit production of homemade alcohol on a massive, national scale. Economic IssuesRussia's stock markets have lost about 70 percent of their value since peaks in May, and workers have been hard hit by lay-offs and wage arrears. The tepid global economy has left Russians hurting and they, like most of the world, have had to cut back on expenses. The result is less state-sanctioned vodka being sold and an increase in homemade spirits. Research by the National Alcohol Association showed that deaths from alcohol poisoning increased to 1,458 in September, presumably the result of Russians drinking dangerous substitutes for vodka as a cheaper way to get drunk. (Shuster, 2008)During Gorbachev’s anti-alcohol campaign, the production of samogon (homemade spirits) had become a large-scale industry that provided cheap alcohol to Russians while depriving the state of tax revenue. When restrictions were eased in 1988, alcohol consumption quickly exceeded the pre-1985 level. A Russian study done in 1995 revealed that regular drunkenness affected between 25 and 65 percent of blue-collar workers and 21 percent of white-collar workers, particularly in rural areas. (Coutsoukis, 2005) Unemployed workers are particularly vulnerable to alcohol abuse problems.Being available in most places, day or night and being historically cheap people without occupations tend to drink more often and heavier. When vodka is unavailable or too expensive, they will often resort to dangerous substitutes. In 1994, the number of people who died of alcohol poisoning rose to about 53,000, a major increase from 36,000 in 1991. These are typically the result of drinking homemade alcohol substitutes. Bootlegging had become a widespread criminal activity by the mid 1990s. (Coutsoukis, 2005) Legal vodka is big business in Russia.The word â€Å"vodka† means â€Å"little water† in Russian, a term of endearment. (Tartakovsky, 2006) The brand â€Å"Stolichnaya† sells $2 billion a year worldwide and was privatize d in 1992. Soyuzplodimport, or SPI, has the exclusive rights to export Stolichnaya, which vodka lovers in the U. S. fondly refer to as â€Å"Stoli. † Some 50% of the company's export turnover comes from the United States, thanks mostly to its strategic alliance with Allied-Domecq for U. S. distribution rights. (Shuster, 2008) Alcohol and workers The Russian workplace has always been a place where vodka contributed to the socializing rituals.Before the Bolshevik Revolution the Russian tradition of prival'naia, a welcoming ceremony for new workers that included snacks and vodka. It was a socializing event where the new workers would become acquainted with their fellow workers. The new workers were expected to provide the snacks and vodka for the veterans in exchange for training in the new job. (Andreasen, 2006) The Revolution changed the way workers were hired. Prior to this era, workers were usually hired on the recommendation of an acquaintance and the ceremony of prival'nai a was part of the payback for getting the job.With the implementation of the communist trade unions, the hiring became an impersonal process and there was no payback necessary and it eliminated the worker’s obligation to train new employees. These changes brought about the practical end to prival'naia, although some workers and organizations still clung to the old tradition where they could get away with it. (Andreasen, 2006) Russian worker culture has always included vodka. The working class sees vodka as an essential element for surviving their brutal winters and poor economy.It is an escape that causes apathy among the work force and contributes to poor health and accidents that make Russia’s work force less productive and more costly. Productivity in Russia has always been known to suffer because of heavy drinking. That belief is one of the motivators behind Gorbachev’s plan to reduce drinking in the 1980s. It is difficult to gauge the true impact of worker drinking and productivity because the Russian economy is still in a state of flux as it transfers from a state-controlled, centralized economy to free-markets. It is inappropriate to make comparisons about worker utput and drinking since the two economies measure productivity in myriad different ways. (Kryzanek, 2004) Many Soviet patriots and party leaders recognized the need to curb alcohol to increase worker productivity.Pokhlebkin was one of these patriotic historians who published his extensive research in a book called â€Å"A History of Vodka† he included a chapter depicting what he determined to be Russia’s descent into rampant alcoholism. Drunkenness, he asserted, is incompatible with socialist principles in that it undermines worker morale and curtails industrial productivity. Tartakovsky, 2006) Russian workers have become complacent after seventy years of communism. Entire generations have grown up shirking work because private initiatives were always discour aged and sometimes even dangerous. Wage inversion led to high pay for lowliest work while job dissatisfaction created moonlighting and demoralized workers moved from job to job. Alcohol has always exacerbated this complacency and lack of motivation. (Kryzanek, 2004) Heavy drinking has a deeply rooted history in Russian culture and life.The problem seems so ingrained in their society that it would be impossible to completely eliminate drinking from the society. This heavy drinking behavior is exhibited in other northern cultures like the Finish or Polish societies without such devastating consequences. In Russia, however, there is historical evidence to suggest that the country’s governments from the Czars to the Soviets have helped to create this culture. (McKee, 1999) There are also several sub-cultures of the drinking population in Russia because of geographic, gender and socio-economic variations, making it difficult to generalize the problem.There are even some people amo ng these groups who actually abstain or drink in moderation. The state itself has contributed to the drinking problem throughout the country’s history by producing and distributing cheap vodka in the name of tradition and profit. It should be feasible for the government to take some kind of proactive measures to stop its population from killing themselves with even-more toxic substitutes for a toxic product. Apparently, it will take many generations of sober Russians to change the high-profile role alcohol plays in so many national traditions.The Russian people have gone through many changes throughout the ages. Hopefully, their resilience will help them change their love of vodka and allow them to become socially conscious drinkers. That’s a tradition easily passed on.

English Aussie Slang Short Stroy

Well it’s another day again in Broady*, and my relo and I went down to the bottle-o to pick up some grog for the big* game of* *aierial* *pingpong* *this arvo* between the mighty pies and the dons*. When we got down there we realised that we spent *all *our *moula* at the servo. â€Å"ey* cobber *ya* old bastard*,* we better mull u*p, we got no cash† *â€Å"true* blue *ya* dag, *haha* no cash no problem† *â€Å"better* grab the metho as well *fella*† *â€Å"no* time knackers, *weve* got get home before everyone else *karks* it down there† â€Å"what* other dills are coming over for the pies v dons game *ya* donger*† â€Å"just* the *fellas* from the waterhole*† â€Å"bullshit*, fair dinkum, better have the ambos on speed dial† *â€Å"S*orry Jimmy† *â€Å"Dont* worry about it* *Bazza*,* *im* busy like a one legged bloke in an arse kicking contest, will call past* the shops to pinch a few snags†* We quickly called pa st Woolies* to pick up some snags and *sangers*, was an easy five finger discount but we had to piss bolt home *to set up. * I was surprised the dickheads at *Woolies* couldn’t see us knick anything, I mean two *yobbo’s* like ourselves, you should never leave us unattended*. Anyway *Bazza* and I chewed the fat while I drove back to our crib. As we got back to our shack, Bruce was waiting at the door in his *jarmies*. Nice guy* a real *whacka* *thoe* but behind him was a 24 pack of *buddys*, what a hero! Soon after all the boys were down and ready for the b*ig game. *Bazza* fired up the BBQ and the snags were roasting. *â€Å"Hey bruce* could you finish the BBQ off mate† â€Å"Cock and bull, Ya* old bastard* I don’t know how to use one† *â€Å"Give it a burl ya* dill† *While they were sorting out the barby I turned on the idiot box to the game. By now there were alot* of dead marines* and durry butts everywhere, no sign of liquid laugh in sight. I screamed out *â€Å"ay* alfs games on† *All the dongers c*arted there asses in the lounge like billy kids *wanting a *sucker. *Every bogan* in my lounge room was tripping out, *i* was surprised any one could see the scores. â€Å"Carn the pies† *I yelled. W*e got off to a beaut of a star*t, with Diddy (Alan *Didak*) to a bonzer start as well as *clokey* (Travis *Cloke*) thumping 3 goals through in the first quarter*. You never know with the Dons, they always come back with their sandgroper Lovett Murray the *boonga*, his too fast for every other digger out there. Nothing that â€Å"Neon Leon† (Leon Davis) can*’*t handle, will be right! The second quarters just started and some fucken* *cruddy’s* just pushed the door bell. I got up and saw trouble at the door, it was an electricity *employer. Straight away I thought bummer, *i* knew what this was about. â€Å"Ay you the owner of this establishment† *â€Å"Yeah ya* bastard† *â€Å"Good, Im* here to cut off your power† â€Å"Get fucked† Bazza herd what was going up and go up immediately and said *â€Å"whats* this about? This guy giving you curry† *â€Å"Yeah fuken* yobbo’s cutting of the power† *â€Å"what* about the pies match† Then the electricity worker said *â€Å"tough* titties *ya* bogans† *The electricity dill choked the electricicity* and we were unable to watch the game. â€Å"Cunning as a shit house rat† I screamed out as he left in is donga mobile *We where now all at rockwood* end now we were going to miss the game for sure now. *Until i* thought of running a cable to the neighbours across the road. *â€Å"you* sneaky *boonga* they all said† *â€Å"shud* up *ya* bastards this is an important game, id brawl with a bull to watch this match† *So I ran the extension cord from my house to the neighbours without them knowing. Slid through the back gate of there* crib and plugged it into their garage. The Idiot boxed turned on and the yobs screamed like yanks from across the road, I ran home like a lost *joey* but had missed all the second and third quarter. I had spat the dummy*, *i* was* spewing*. The pies were wining and killing it. Soon after the siren went and we were stoked, running around lick head less chicken. *COLLINGWOOD had* a ripper of a game* *thrashing the Bombers by 6*5 points at the G. *The pies *creamed* the dons 18. 12 (120) to 8. 7 (55 In front of a crowd of 90,*000. Th*e Pies seized control with a stunning first quarter* as far as *i* was concerned*. * Everyone went home and started recovering from the big day. I was about to catch some Z’s on the couch as I herd* some sirens *i* got up to go outside and see what was going on as *i* got to the door the pigs were there, with hand cuffs. They had looked back at the *Woolies* tapes and court us stilling. Luckily *Bazza* had got away, but that *wasnt* all. Bacon was frying*. T*hey looked around the house and found the cord*. They took me too the cop shop and sent me to jail for a few weeks. Nothing to serious thank fuck.

Overview of United States Government

The government of the United States is based on a written constitution. At 4,400 words, it is the shortest national constitution in the world. On June 21, 1788, New Hampshire ratified the Constitution giving it the necessary 9 out of 13 votes needed for the Constitution to pass. It officially went into effect on  March 4, 1789.  It was  consists of a Preamble, seven Articles, and 27 Amendments. From this document, the entire federal government was created. It is a living document whose interpretation has changed over time. The amendment process is such that while not easily amended, US citizens are able to make necessary changes over time. Three Branches of Government The Constitution created three separate branches of government. Each branch has its own powers and areas of influence. At the same time, the Constitution created a system of checks and balances that ensured no one branch would reign supreme. The three branches are: Legislative Branch—This branch consists of the Congress which is responsible for making the federal laws. Congress consists of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives.Executive Branch—The Executive power lies with the President of the United States who is given the job of executing, enforcing, and administering the laws and government. The Bureaucracy is part of the Executive Branch.Judicial Branch—The judicial power of the United States is vested in the Supreme Court and the federal courts. Their job is to interpret and apply US laws through cases brought before them. Another important power of the Supreme Court is that of Judicial Review whereby they can rule laws unconstitutional. Six Foundational Principles The Constitution is built on six basic principles. These are deeply ingrained in the mindset and landscape of the US Government. Popular Sovereignty—This principle states that the source of governmental power lies with the people. This belief stems from the concept of the social contract and the idea that government should be for the benefit of its citizens. If the government is not protecting the people, it should be dissolved.Limited Government—Since the people give the government its power, the government itself is limited to the power given to it by them. In other words, the US government does not derive its power from itself. It must follow its own laws and it can only act using powers given to it by the people.Separation of Powers—As stated previously, the US Government is divided into three branches so that no one branch has all the power. Each branch has its own purpose: to make the laws, execute the laws, and interpret the laws.Checks and Balances—In order to further protect the citizens, the constitution set up a system of checks and balances. Basically, each branch of gov ernment has a certain number of checks it can use to ensure the other branches do not become too powerful. For example, the president can veto legislation, the Supreme Court can declare acts of Congress unconstitutional, and the Senate must approve treaties and presidential appointments.Judicial Review—This is a power that allows the Supreme Court to decide whether acts and laws are unconstitutional. This was established with Marbury v. Madison in 1803.Federalism—One of the most complicated foundations of the US is the principle of federalism. This is the idea that the central government does not control all the power in the nation. States also have powers reserved to them. This division of powers does overlap and sometimes leads to problems such as what happened with the response to Hurricane Katrina between the state and federal governments. Political Process While the Constitution sets up the system of government, the actual way in which the offices of Congress and the Presidency are filled are based upon the American political system. Many countries have numerous political parties—groups of people who join together to try and win political office and thereby control the government—but the US exists under a two-party system. The two major parties in America are the Democratic and Republican parties. They act as coalitions and attempt to win elections. We currently have a two-party system because of not only historical precedent and tradition but also the  electoral system itself. The fact that America has a two-party system does not mean that there is no role for third parties in the American landscape. In fact, they have often swayed elections even if their candidates have in most cases not won. There are four major types of third parties: Ideological Parties, e.g. Socialist PartySingle-Issue parties, e.g. Right to Life PartyEconomic Protest Parties, e.g. Greenback PartySplinter Parties, e.g. Bull Moose Party Elections Elections occur in the United States at all levels including local, state, and federal. There are numerous differences from locality to locality and state to state. Even when determining the presidency, there is some variation with how the electoral college is determined from state to state. While voter turnout is barely over 50% during Presidential election years and much lower than that during midterm elections, elections can be hugely important as seen by the top ten significant presidential elections.